Accumulating evidence has suggested that lppla2 is a biomarker of cad and may have a proinflammatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. A total of 123 subjects with hyperlipidemia and 68 systemically healthy controls were included in the study. Elevated plasma lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity is associated with plaque rupture in patients with coronary artery disease. Pla2 mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in blood, thus. Regulation of lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 silencing on myocardial fibrosis in mice with coronary atherosclerosis author links open overlay panel guozhong pan a lanjun kou a yang wu b yuanji hu a xiaoshuo lin a jinrui guo a xiaoxia ren a yan zhang a. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2, also known as platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase pafah, is a unique member of.
Elevated levels of human lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla 2 are associated with cardiovascular disease and dementia. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, highsensitivity. Describes how the lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 test is used, such as to help determine risk of developing cardiovascular disease, when the lppla2 test is ordered, and what the results of an lppla2 test might mean. Department of laboratory medicine and pathology mayo clinic hilton 310a 200 first st sw rochester, mn 55905 fax 507 2662888 email mcconnell. Performance characteristics and clinical value of the. The lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2plac test is typically used to assess a persons risk for certain types of cardiovascular disease as well as events like a heart attack. Regulation of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2. Ischemic stroke risk in individuals with elevated levels of both lppla 2 highest tertile and hscrp highrisk category as defined in the centers for disease control and preventionamerican heart association guidelines 19 was more than 11 times. Role of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 in vascular disease. This test measures the amount or activity of lp pla 2 in the blood some recent studies have shown that lp pla 2 is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease cvd, including coronary. In the present study, we investigated whether lppla2 is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Pafah catalyzes the removal of the acyl group at the sn2 position of paf and truncated. Background lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is expressed abundantly in the necrotic core of coronary lesions, and products of its enzymatic activity may contribute to inflammation. Background lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 has been proposed as an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular disease.
Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2, also known as plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase, is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids and is primarily associated with lowdensity lipoproteins ldls. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 as an independent. Evidence has gathered that inflammation plays a crucial. Browse our lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 proteins. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality. Pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity and. Pla2 mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in blood, thus, it has been extensively investigated to identify its role in vascular inflammation. Phospholipases a2 include several unrelated protein families with common enzymatic activity. Elevated levels of human lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla 2 are associated with cardiovascular disease and dementia.
Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is an emerging inflammatory marker that is used to assess the risk for cardiovascular disease cvd and associated events. Coronary heart disease, lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, darapladib, inflammation, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis. A fragment screen was conducted against lppla 2 in order to identify novel inhibitors. The standard was purified lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2. Pdf recent developments with lipoproteinassociated. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase lppla 2, originally called plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase, is produced mainly by mature macrophages and lymphocytes and is influenced by a variety of inflammatory mediators.
Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lp pla2, also known as plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase, is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids and is primarily associated with ldls. Coronary heart disease, lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2, darapladib, inflammation, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2, also known as plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase, is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids and is primarily associated with ldls. Is lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity correlat. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and risk of coronary. Pla2 mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in blood, thus, it has been extensively investigated to identify its. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 lppla 2 also known as plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase pafah is a phospholipase a 2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the pla2g7 gene. Our aim was to investigate the change in lppla2 and its association with cardiovascular outcome in patients with acs. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 does this test have other names. Growing evidence suggests that the mass and activity of lppla 2 are positively correlated with an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and stroke 1. Levels of hscrp, an acutephase reactant, increase with stroke severity and may be associated with mortality to a. Methods studies were included if they reported lppla2 mass andor activity levels and adjusted risk estimates of stroke.
Pla2 was identified as a strong predictor for cardiovascular events. Structural and thermodynamic characterization of protein. High rigidity of lppla2 structure and similar binding modes of inhibitors with completely different. Variability of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2. Multiple fragment hits were observed in different regions of the active site, including some hits that bound in a pocket created by movement of a protein side chain. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lp pla2 clinical and research area cardiac markers clinical utility prognostic marker of adverse cardiacrelated events 1. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 lp pla 2 is an enzyme that appears to play a role in the inflammation of blood vessels and is thought to help promote atherosclerosis. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla 2 is a novel biomarker of vascularspecific inflammation that provides information about atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and stability.
Two most notable families are secreted and cytosolic phospholipases a2. Clinical chemistry, immunology and laboratory quality control, 2014. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 is a proinflammatory enzyme secreted by macrophages that is primarily bound to ldl in the circulation. The test is used to help predict your risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 probably plays an important role in the development of acute coronary syndrome acs. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 in. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is an emerging inflammatory marker that is used to assess the risk for cardiovascular disease cvd and associated events. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 as a predictive. We conducted a metaanalysis to determine whether elevated lppla2 is a risk factor for stroke. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 in the. In the last decades, the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been the topic of intense research.
Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 activity, ferritin levels, metabolic syndrome, and 10year cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an independent association between plasma lppla2 concentration and risk for cardiovascular events. However, alterations of lppla2 levels during acs and its association with cardiovascular outcome are unclear. These findings necessitate the need for more reliable and accurate biomarkers to predict cvd. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, vascular inflammation and cardiovascular risk prediction. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, highsensitivity creactive protein, and risk for incident coronary heart disease in middleaged men and women in the atherosclerosis risk in communities aric study.
We read with interest the recent report in this journal by khuseyinova and colleagues regarding the variability of serial lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 measurements in postmyocardial infarction patients. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 does this test have other names. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, highsensitivity c. Is lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity correlated with. Pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 also known as serum platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase pafah activity constitutes a. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 immunoassay for prediction of risk for coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke plac test is investigative and therefore not covered. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 request pdf. Pla2 in diabetes mellitus is controversial and analyses, especially in adolescents with type 2 diabetes t2d, are missing. Methods and results the rotterdam study is a populationbased followup study in 7983 subjects. This test looks for a specific lipoprotein, lppla2, in your blood. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 an overview. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 has been shown to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in several studies.
Request pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 cardiovascular disease cvd is the number one cause of death in both adult men and women. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla 2 is a novel biomarker of vascularspecific inflammation that provides information about atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and stability. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is an enzyme that is produced by inflammatory cells, cotravels with circulating lowdensity. Role of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 in atherosclerosis. Ischemic stroke risk in individuals with elevated levels of both lppla 2 highest tertile and hscrp highrisk category as defined in the centers for disease control and preventionamerican heart association. Pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla 2. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lp pla2 in the assessment of cardiovascular risk 4.
Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 antigen profile protein summary the protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of plateletactivating factor to biologically inactive products. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 antibodies. Ballantyne and colleagues 7 studied lppla2 in the 12,762 apparently healthy individuals participating in the aric study. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lp pla2 monoclonal antibody lot number. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 may be a stronger predictor of recurrent stroke risk. Exploitation of a novel binding pocket in human lipoprotein.
Hence, we examine the impact of high lppla2 levels on endothelial function and arterial stiffness of patients with coronary artery disease cad. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and its relationship with markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 lppla 2 is a specific biomarker specific for vascular inflammation. In this context, lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2. Pla2 belongs to group vii of the pla2 superfamily, which currently comprises of six types and is divided into 16 unique groups. Lppla2 is an enzyme which is usually bound to ldl, often called the bad cholesterol, in the blood and plays a role in the inflammation of blood vessels. May 01, 2008 variability of lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 measurements joseph p mcconnell address correspondence to this author at. Change in lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and its as. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 test request a test. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2, has inflammatory and atherogenic effect on vasculature. Measurement of lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 does not meet payment determination criteria as randomized controlled studies have not been conducted and other scientific evidence has not shown improved longterm health outcomes. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and its association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes in the prove ittimi 22 pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapythrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2, also known as plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase, is an enzyme that.
The lppla2, which can hydrolyze oxidized phospholipids and then produce lysophosphatidylcholine and nonesterified fatty acids, causes endothelial dysfunction and takes part in the formation of. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is an enzyme that exhibits proinflammatory properties and has been associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. Conclusions inflammatory markers are associated with prognosis after first ischemic stroke and may offer complementary information. Albuminuria was present in 14% 22158 of participants at baseline, and 5% 486 of participants without albuminuria at baseline developed albuminuria until follow. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and risk of. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 mass was measured with an enzymelinked immunoassay according to previously described methods. Lppla 2 activity is to be used in conjunction with clinical evaluation and patient risk assessment as an aid in predicting risk of coronary heart disease chd in patients with no prior history of cardiovascular events. Highsensitivity creactive protein, lipoproteinassociated. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is a calciumindependent phospholipase a2 enzyme secreted by leukocytes and associated with circulating lowdensity lipoprotein and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques.
Pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2, known as a novel inflammatory biomarker, is involved in pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 pla2g7. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 in the assessment of cardiovascular risk 2 background lowdensity lipoproteins ldl have been identified as the major atherogenic lipoproteins and have long been identified by the national cholesterol education project ncep as the primary target of cholesterollowering therapy. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 as an. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and coronary heart. See also related mtac coverage policy, lipoprotein subclass testing for screening, evaluation, and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. Because lppla2 plays a role in inflammation but, unlike other inflammatory proteins, is not an acutephase reactant. Pdf lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 activity. Association of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase lppla 2 and highsensitivity creactive protein hscrp with incident ischemic stroke. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 antigen profile protein summary the protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of plateletactivating factor to biologically inactive products. Effects of the direct lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2. Elevated levels of serum lppla 2 are indicative of rupture prone plaque and a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular risk, including coronary artery.
Odonoghue m, morrow da, sabatine ms, murphy sa, mccabe ch, cannon cp, braunwald e. A total of 123 subjects with hyperlipidemia and 68 systemically healthy controls were included in. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes oxidized phospholipid found in ldl into lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized fatty acid, both of which are atherogenic. Regulation of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 silencing on myocardial fibrosis in mice with coronary atherosclerosis author links open overlay panel guozhong pan a lanjun kou a yang wu b yuanji hu a xiaoshuo lin a jinrui guo a xiaoxia ren a yan zhang a. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity is. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 represents a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and alzheimers disease. Is lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 activity correlated with. Background the association between lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 and stroke risk is inconsistent. The effect of darapladib on plasma lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a 2 activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with stable coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalent.
Here we reported the first crystal structures of lppla2 bound with reversible inhibitors and the thermodynamic characterization of complexes. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase page 2 of 14 a2 in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality. The plac test for lppla 2 activity is an enzyme assay for the in vitro quantitative determination of lppla 2 lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity in edta plasma and serum. Elevated plasma lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 activity is associated with plaque rupture in patients with coronary artery disease.
It is primarily produced by macrophages and other in. Is lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity. Association of lipoprotein associated phospholipase lppla 2 and highsensitivity creactive protein hscrp with incident ischemic stroke. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2 protein profile protein summary the protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of plateletactivating factor to biologically inactive products. Measurement of lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 in the assessment of cardiovascular risk 2 background lowdensity lipoproteins ldl have been identified as the major atherogenic lipoproteins and have long been identified by the national cholesterol education project ncep as the primary target of cholesterollowering therapy. Lppla 2 is a calciumindependent phospholipase a2 enzyme that is associated with both lowdensity lipoprotein ldl and, to a lesser extent, highdensity lipoprotein hdl in human plasma and serum 1 and is distinct from other such phospholipases such as cpla 2 and spla 2. Measurement of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lp. Change in lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 and its. Measurement of lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2.
Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 activity, ferritin levels, metabolic syndrome, and 10year cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 as an independent. The enzyme was identified by a second monoclonal antibody labeled with biotin and a streptavidinalkaline phosphatase conjugate. The lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 lppla2plac test is typically used to assess a persons risk for certain types of cardiovascular disease as well as events like a heart attack.
Lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 is a calciumindependent phospholipase a2 enzyme secreted by leukocytes and associated with circulating lowdensity lipoprotein and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Multiple fragment hits were observed in different regions of the active site, including some hits that bound in a pocket. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2, vascular inflammation. Lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a2 health encyclopedia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of serum lipoprotein. Informations about lipoprotein associated phospholipase a2 lppla2 pla2g7 antibody hrp abx108616100.
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